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81.
We provide conditions for which the round functions of an ?-bit Rijndael-like block cipher generate the alternating group on the set {0,1}?. These conditions show that the class of Rijndael-like ciphers whose round functions generate the alternating group on their message space is large, and includes both the actual Rijndael and the block cipher used by the compression function of the Whirlpool hash function. The result indicates that there is no trapdoor design for a Rijndael-like cipher based on the imprimitivity of the group action of its proper round functions which is difficult to detect. 相似文献
82.
Four new phenolic dimers and trimers that contain ferulic acid moieties were isolated from the alkaline hydrolyzate of insoluble maize bran fiber and their structures were established by 1D/2D NMR and mass spectrometry. The biological role of one dimer remains unclear whereas the dimeric vanillin-ferulic acid-cross-product probably represents an oxidative degradation product from the corresponding diferulate. Both ferulic acid dehydrotrimers are able to cross-link polysaccharide chains. However, the 5-5/8-O-4(H2O)-triferulic acid may be a cross-link in its identified structure whereas we assume that the identified 8-O-4/8-5(non-cyclic)-triferulic acid arose from a natural 8-O-4/8-5(cyclic)-triferulate analog during the saponification process. 相似文献
83.
Ralph Howard 《Advances in Mathematics》2006,204(1):241-261
In 1926 Nakajima (= Matsumura) showed that any convex body in R3 with constant width, constant brightness, and boundary of class C2 is a ball. We show that the regularity assumption on the boundary is unnecessary, so that balls are the only convex bodies of constant width and brightness. 相似文献
84.
Brockwell A. Polak E. Evans R. Ralph D. 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2003,116(3):485-516
Moving-horizon control is a type of sampled-data feedback control in which the control over each sampling interval is determined by the solution of an open-loop optimal control problem. We develop a dual-sampling-rate moving-horizon control scheme for a class of linear, continuous-time plants with strict input saturation constraints in the presence of plant uncertainty and input disturbances. Our control scheme has two components: a slow-sampling moving-horizon controller for a nominal plant and a fast-sampling state-feedback controller whose function is to force the actual plant to emulate the nominal plant. The design of the moving-horizon controller takes into account the nonnegligible computation time required to compute the optimal control trajectory.We prove the local stability of the resulting feedback system and illustrate its performance with simulations. In these simulations, our dual-sampling-rate controller exhibits performance that is considerably superior to its single-sampling-rate moving-horizon controller counterpart. 相似文献
85.
This paper outlines a chapter in the theory of ordered sets that concerns decompositions of ordered sets using various natural
operations introduced by Garrett Birkhoff in 1940 – chiefly, the operations of sum (disjoint union), Cartesian product, and
exponentiation.
This area has seen two brief, four-year flowerings of research activity during the past sixty-four years. Ivan Rival, working
with several collaborators around 1978, obtained beautiful results on exponentiation which attracted other researchers to
this topic. Altogether, about a dozen people contributed a chain of significant new results between 1978–1982. The subject
then lay dormant until a major contribution by Jonathan D. Farley appeared in 1996. This pre-figured the solution, four years
later, of a central problem about exponentiation of finite ordered sets that Birkhoff had formulated in 1942.
The theory of operations on ordered sets is a beautiful chapter of mathematics. We concentrate on those portions that are
most relevant for the solution of the Birkhoff problem, offering (hopefully) accessible proofs of many results, including
some new results. We would like to see a new renaissance of activity in this area, which continues to offer many attractive
open problems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
86.
In the presence of low molecular weight organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic and malonic), inorganic selenium(IV) is converted by UV irradiation to volatile selenium carbonyl, dimethylselenide and diethylselenide, depending on the acid used. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the volatile products shows that, in 0.7 M formic acid solution, approximately 60–70% (v/v) SeH2 and 30–40% (v/v) SeCO are formed. The presence of nitrate ion appears to increase threefold the formation of SeCO while completely suppressing formation of SeH2. Copyright © 2003 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
R. Schnabel W. P. Bowen N. Treps B. Buchler T. C. Ralph P. K. Lam H. -A. Bachor 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2003,94(5):651-665
Results of experiments recently performed are reported, in which two optical parametric amplifiers were set up to generate two independently quadrature squeezed continuous wave laser beams. The transformation of quadrature squeezed states into polarization squeezed states and into states with spatial quantum correlations is demonstrated. By utilizing two squeezed laser beams, a polarization squeezed state exhibiting three simultaneously squeezed Stokes operator variances was generated. Continuous variable polarization entanglement was generated and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox was observed. A pair of Stokes operators satisfied both the inseparability criterion and the conditional variance criterion. Values of 0.49 and 0.77, respectively, were observed, with entanglement requiring values below unity. The inseparability measure of the observed quadrature entanglement was 0.44. This value is sufficient for a demonstration of quantum teleportation, which is the next experimental goal of the authors. 相似文献
88.
Infrared spectra of CO-treated platinum hydrosols subsequently treated with acetylene, hydrogen, and oxygen reveal that v(CO)ads decreases from 2070 cm−1 with increasing gas-treatment time. This has been attributed to a reduction in the coverage of adsorbed CO. In Pt sol/CO/C2H2 systems, v(CO)ads decreases to a limiting value of ca. 2060 cm−1 after exposure to acetylene. In the Pt sol/CO/H2 systems, v(CO)ads decreases to ca. 2050 cm−1 after exposure to hydrogen gas. The lower frequency in the Pt sol/CO/H2 system has been attributed to CO adsorption on more active metal sites formed from the reduction of surface platinum oxides. Exposure of the CO-treated platinum hydrosols to O2 gas was found to cause the eventual disappearance of the v(CO)ads band in infrared spectra, which was attributed to oxidation of adsorbed CO to CO2 by weakly bound surface layers of platinum oxides formed by the oxygen treatment. 相似文献
89.
Jeffrey?E.?Fiscus Neil?Pschirer Rachael?E.?Hipp Andrea?M.?Goforth Craig?Chapman Sandra?Shotwell Ralph?C.?Layland Mark?D.?Smith Uwe?H.?F.?Bunz Hans-Conrad?zur?LoyeEmail author 《Journal of chemical crystallography》2005,35(2):125-134
Using the new ligand, 2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane we have synthesized five new coordination polymers: HgBr2[2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane] (1), HgI2[2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane] (2), Ni(acetylacetonate)2[2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane] (3), Zn(acetylacetonate)2[2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane] (4), and Cu(hexafluoro acetylacetonate)2[2,2-bis-(4-pyridylethynyl)tolane]CHCl3 (5). 2,2-Bis-(4-pyridyl ethynyl)tolane is a rigid ligand with a Z-shape that promotes the formation of zig-zag chains. Compounds 1– 5 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction; and compounds 1– 3 were additionally characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 29.761(3) Å, b = 5.0531(5) Å, c = 16.7823(15) Å, = 104.090(2), V = 2447.9(4) Å3, Z = 4. Each mercury is bound to two tolane ligands and two bromine anions, resulting in a tetrahedral coordination environment. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2/c, with a = 20.3061(17) Å, b = 5.6303(5) Å, c = 24.5459(19) Å, = 110.338(2), V = 2631.4(4) Å3, Z = 4. Here also, each mercury is bound to two tolane ligands and two iodine anions in a tetrahedral coordination environment. The ligand orientation differs in compounds 1 and 2 being trans oriented in 1 and cis oriented in 2. Compound 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 14.5947(14) Å, b = 6.3082(6) Å, c = 18.3939(18) Å, = 112.112(2), V = 1568.9(3) Å3, Z = 2. Each nickel is bound to two tolane ligands and two bidentate AcAc anions, resulting in an octahedral coordination environment. Compound 4, which is isostructural with 3, also crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 14.6990(9) Å, b = 6.2724(4) Å, c = 18.6433(11) Å, = 112.8610(10), V = 1583.86(17) Å3, Z = 2. Compound 5 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with a = 6.5487(4) Å, b = 11.6471(7) Å, c = 14.3225(9) Å, = 70.1360(10), = 89.3990(10), = 88.7680(10), V = 1027.18(11) Å3, Z = 1. Each copper in 5 is bound to two tolane ligands and two bidentate hfAcAc anions, resulting in an octahedral coordination environment identical to that found in 3 and 4. 相似文献
90.
It is shown that if is any variety of algebras all of whose congruence lattices are modular, then the congruence lattice of every algebra in satisfies the Arguesian law. 相似文献